PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

OR

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE

DEFINITION:-

                      Such verb, which shows that the subject is doing some work continuously in present time that is called present continuous tense or present progressive tense.

NOTE:- (1)  

                 This tense denotes the continuous action of the subject.

EXAMPLE:-

(1)          Farmer is cutting wheat.

(2)          I am going to home.

NOTE:- (2)

                  Is, am and are, are the helping verbs to this tense.

NOTE:- (3)

                  “ING” form of the verb is used this tense.

NOTE:- (4)

                  If a verb ends in single “E” letter for putting “ing” the “E” letter will be omitted.

EXAMPLE:-

                  Write =writing

                   Kite = kiting

NOTE:- (5)

                   If a verb ends in double “EE” letters, for putting “ing” the  last “E” letter will not be dropped.

EXAMPLE:-

                       See = Seeing

NOTE:- (6)

                  If a verb ends in consonant letter and there are two vowel (a,e,i,o,u) letters before it, for putting “ing” the last consonant letter will not be doubled.

EXAMPLE:-

                   Read = Reading

                    Eat   =   Eating

FORMATION:-

SUBJECT /  H. VERB / M.VERB / ING   /   OBJECT

Aslam           is              recite         ing       the Holy Quran

= Aslam is reciting the Holy Quran.

CONJUGATION:-

I am reading,

We are reading.

You are reading.

He is reading.

She is reading.

It is reading.

They are reading.

ASSERTIVE

  (1)                         He is wearing a dress.

  (2)                         I am going to school.

  (3)                         We are drinking water.

INTERROGATIVE

  (1)                         Is he wearing a dress?

  (2)                         Am I going to school?

  (3)                         Are we drinking water?

NEGATIVE

  (1)                         He is not wearing a dress.

  (2)                         I am not going to school.

  (3)                         We are not drinking water.

INT   &   NEG

  (1)                         Is he not wearing a dress?

  (2)                         Am I not going to school?

  (3)                         Are we not drinking water?

MODEL SENTENCES

(1)            Anwar is kitting on the roof.

(2)            The Prime Minster is assuring the nation.

(3)            Are you going to the cinema?

(4)            We are not reading the novel.

(5)            She is cooking the meal.

PRESENT TENSE

PRESENT TENSE

        OR

PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

DEFINITION:-

                            Such verb, which modifies that the subject dose  some work in current time that is called present tense or simple tense.

NOTE:- (1)

                   This tense shows the action of the subject in present time.

EXAMPLE:-

(1)            Aslam drives a car.

(2)            I go to home.

 NOTE:- (2)

                   “Do” and “Does” are the helping verbs to this tense.

Note:- (3)

                 “Do” and “Does” (helping verbs) are used, when we change an assertive sentence  in to interrogative, negative, int & neg or emphatic.

NOTE:- (4)

                   “Do” is used with first and second person or third person plural nouns and “Does” is used with third person and singular nouns.

I,We > First person.

You,You > Second person.

He,She,It,They > Third person.

NOTE:- (5)

                  First form of the verb used in this tense.

NOTE:- If the subject of the sentence is third person or singular noun then, it’s verb will agree with “s” in end.

EXAMPLE:-

(1)            Akram writes a lesson.

(2)            Aslam draws a picture with a pencil.

EXAMPLE:-

 O = (Do) Rabia does her home work.

 CH = (Touch) He touches me.

 SH = (Fish) The fisher man fishes.

 S = (Miss) Aslam misses the train.

 X = (Fix) He fixes Anita’s name in his mind.

NOTE:- (8)

                 When the subject in third person or singular noun and it’s verb ends in “Y” letter and three is’nt any vowel letter before it, therefore, “Y” is dropped and “ies” fills its blank.

EXAMPLE:-

                    Fry =Fries

                       Dry = Dries

NOTE:- (9)

                  If the subject is third person or singular noun and it’s verb ends in “Y” letter and there is a vowel letter before it, therefore “s” is used.

EXAMPLE:-

                       Stay   =   Stays

                       Buy   =    Buys

FORMATION:-

SUBJECT      VERB 1      OBJECT

 Rafia              kneads        flour       = Rafia kneeds flour.

CONJUGATION

    I come.

    We come.

    You come.

    He comes.

    She comes.

    It come.

    They come.

ASSERTIVE

(1)            You make a noise.

(2)             Safia washes dishes.

(3)            They take tea.

INTERROGATIVE

(1)            Do you make a noise?

(2)            Does Safia wash dishes?

(3)            Do they take tea?

NEGATIVE

(1)            You don’t make a noise.

(2)            Safia doesn’t wash dishes.

(3)            They don’t take tea.

INT & NEG

(1)            Do you not make a noise?

(2)            Does Safia not wash dishes?

(3)            Do they not take tea?

EMPHATIC

(1)            You do make a noise.

(2)            Safia does wash dishes.

(3)            They do take tea.

PRESENT TENSE OF TO BE

     PRESENT TENSE OF “TO BE”

  DEFINITION:- A verb, which depicts state or existence    of the subject in current or present time that is called          present   tense of “To BE”.

  NOTE:- (1)

                   This tense shows state or existence of        something but in present time.

  EXAMPLE:-

  STATE:-    Aslam is a poor boy.

  Existence:- Rahib is in a foreign Country.

  NOTE:- (2)

                    Is,am,and,are the “TO BE” verbs to this tense.

  NOTE:- (3)

                    For emphatic sentence “really” is used after    “TO BE” verbs.

  NOTE:- (4)

                    For making emphatic sentences we use    “really”.

  EXAMPLE:-

                      He is really wizard.

  NOTE: (5)

                   There is no action in the tense.

  FORMATION:-

  SUBJECT  TO BE VERB   OBJECT                                    Safia             is                      in hospital.

     We             are                   rich.

        I              am                   in the car.

  CONJUGATION

    (1) I       am     glad.

    (2) We  are      glad.

    (3) You  are     glad.

    (4) He     is      glad.

    (5) She    is      glad.

    (6) It        is      glad.

    (7) They  are    glad.

  “ ASSERTIVE ”

(1)         This is a bat.

(2)         You are sick.

(3)         I am happy now.

(4)         Aslam is a clever boy.

  “INTERROGATIVE”

(1)         Is this a bat?

(2)         Are you sick?

(3)         Am I happy now?

(4)         Is Aslam  a clever by?

  “NEGATIVE”

(1)         This is not a bat.

(2)         You are not sick.

(3)         I am not happy now.

(4)         Aslam is not a clever boy.

  “INT & NEG“

(1)         Is this not a bat?

(2)         Are you not sick?

(3)         Am I  not happy now?

(4)         Is Aslam not a clever boy?

  “EMPHATIC”

(1)         This is “really” a bat.

(2)         You are “really” sick.

(3)         I am “really” happy now.

(4)         Aslam is “really” a clever boy.

VERB & OBJECT

Q: What is Verb?
Ans: Such words which indicate us about the action of the noun or pronoun is called verb.

EXAMPLE:- Imran catches a ball.
                      You shake my desk.




Q: What is object?
Ans: Such part of the sentence on which some thing is done or effects of the verb is called object.

EXAMPLE:- Saira reads a letter.
                       I eat an apple.

SUBJECT

Q: What is Subject?
Ans: Doer of an action or we are speaking about in the sentence is called subject.

EXAMPLE:-
(1) Safia makes tea.
(2) Pickle is in the plate.     

GRAMMAR

Q:   What is Grammar?
Ans: Grammar is an art of supplying the right words in the right place, with the help of Grammar we can read, write and speak any language accurately, in poor words Grammar is an ornament and base of a language.