PAST TENSE OF “TO BE”

             PAST TENSE OF “TO BE”

DEFINITION:

                        Such verb, which shows state or existence of the subject in past time that is called past tense of "TO BE".

NOTE:- (1)

                   This tense shows state or existence of the subject in past time.

EXAMPLE:-

Munwar was clever. (STATE)

Teacher was in the class. (EXISTENCE)

She was ill. (STATE)

Doctor was in the hospital. (EXISTENCE)

They were poor. (STATE)

Players were in the ground. (EXISTENCE)

NOTE:- (2)

                  “was” and “were” are the “To Be” verbs to this tense.

NOTE:- (3)

                  For emphatic sentences “Really” is used after “To Be” verbs (was , were).

NOTE:- (4)

                  There is no action of the subject in this tense.      

FORMATION:- 

SUBJECT	TO BE VERB	OBJECT
Faiza	was	in class eight last year
Rafi	was	a great singer

=  Faiza was in class eight last year.

=  Rafi was a great singer.

CONJUGATION:-

I was in the ground.

We were in the ground.

You were in the ground.

He was in the ground.

She was in the ground.

It was in the ground.

They were in the ground.

ASSERTIVE

(1)            You were at the hospital.

(2)            He was clever in class.

(3)            We were up-set.

(4)            Anwar was intelligent.

INTERROGATIVE

(1)            Were you at the hospital?

(2)            Was he clever in class?

(3)            Were we up-set?

(4)            Was Anwar intelligent?

NEGATIVE

(1)            You were not at the hospital.

(2)            He was not clever in class.

(3)            We were not up-set.

(4)            Anwar was not intelligent.

INT & NEG

(1)            Were you not at the hospital?

(2)            Was he not clever in class?

(3)            Were we not up-set?

(4)            Was Anwar not intelligent?

EMPHATIC

(1)            You were really at the hospital.

(2)            He was really clever in class.

(3)            We were really up-set.

(4)            Anwar were really intelligent.

MODEL SENTENCES

(1)            Shah Abdul Latif was a great poet of the world.

(2)            Where were you whole the week?

(3)            It was very nice day yesterday.

(4)            Your friend was in trouble.

(5)            He was not punctual.

(6)            Aslam and Akram were brothers.

(7)            Which day was yesterday?

(8)            Was education not their right?

(9)            Poverty was not my fault.

(10)      It was really his nature.

(11)      The time was very kind.

(12)      Safia was really very dear to her parents.

(13)      Farzana was not with her friends in park.

(14)      Were you in Canada in those days?

(15)      Muskan was pilot.

PRESENT CONJUNCTIVE TENSE

DEFINITION:-

                        Such verb, which modifies that after completing first an action the subject start second  an action in present time that is called present conjunctive tense.

NOTE:- (1)

                  This tense has two main verbs, first complete and second starts.

EXAMPLE:-

(1)            Having milked buffalo, Safia sweeps.

(2)            Having gargled, she eats meal.

NOTE:-  (2)

                   Having is it’s helping verbs, which is followed by all the subjects.

NOTE:- (3)

                  These types of sentences have two parts, in the beginning part (Having part) of the sentence third form of the verb is used and second part of the sentence first form is used.

FORMATION:-

H. VERB	M.VERB	OBJECT	SUBJECT	M.VERB i	OBJECT
Having	taken	tea	I	go to	collage
Having	gone	to garden	Aslam	plucks	Flowers

= Having taken tea I go to collage.

= Having gone to garden Aslam plucks flowers.

CONJUGATION

Having climbed on the tree, I cry

Having climbed on the tree, we cry.

Having climbed on the tree, you cry.

Having climbed on the tree, he cries.

Having climbed on the tree, she cries.

Having climbed on the tree, it cries.

Having climbed on the tree, they cry.

ASSERTIVE

(1)            Having played cricket, we take rest.

(2)            Having driven a car, he sings a song.

(3)            Having eaten meal, we take tea.

(4)            Having bought the book, I read it.

INTERROGATIVE

(1)            Having played cricket, do we take rest?

(2)            Having driven a car, does he sing a song?

(3)            Having eaten meal, do we take tea?

(4)            Having bought the book, do I read it?

NEGATIVE

(1)            Having played cricket, we don’t take rest?

(2)            Having driven a car, he doesn’t sing a song?

(3)            Having eaten meal, we don’t take tea?

(4)            Having bought the book, I don’t read it?

INT & NEG

(1)            Having played cricket, don’t we take rest.

(2)            Having driven a car, doesn’t he sing a song .

(3)            Having eaten meal, don’t we take tea .

(4)            Having bought the book, don’t I  read it.

EMPHATIC

(1)            Having played cricket, we do take rest.

(2)            Having driven a car, he does sing a song.

(3)            Having eaten meal, we do take tea.

(4)            Having bought the book, I do read it.

MODEL SENTENCES

(1)            Having bought a dawn news-paper, I read.

(2)            Having eaten meal, we drink cold.

(3)            Having gone out, Akram beats the children.

(4)            Having gone to school, Raheem dozes in the class.

(5)            Having saved money, I buy new car.

(6)            Having gone to the garden, do you eat fruit?

(7)            Having saved the time, I come to see you.

(8)            Having closed a shop, the shop-keeper goes to the mosque.

(9)            Having got up, first of all Safia recites the Holy Quran.

(10)      Having taken bath, I take break-fast.  

PRESENT AORIST TENSE

PRESENT AORIST TENSE

DEFINITION:-

                         Such verb, which depicts Permission, Possibility, purpose or wish of the subject in current or future time that is called present aorist tense.

NOTE:- (1)

                   This tense shows permission, possibility, wish or purpose of subject in present or future time.
EXAMPLES:-

(1)            PERMISSION:-

(i)                          He may say.

(ii)                       Akram may go.

(iii)                    You may sit here.

(2)             POSSIBILITY:-

(i)                          It may snow in Quetta.

(ii)                       She may drink juice.

(iii)                    I may come to you today.

(3)            PURPOSE:-

(i)                          I come to you so that you may become happy.

(ii)                       Anwar goes to hotel so that he may take tea.

(iii)                    We work hard so that we may brighten our future.

(4)            WISH

(i)                          May you get first position in Sindh!

(ii)                       May God bless you with three wives!

(iii)                    May you succeed in you mission!

NOTE :- (2)

“May” is it’s helping verb, which is followed by all the subject.

NOTE : (3)

                   First form of the verb is used in this tense.

FORMATION:-

SUBJECT	H . VERB	M .VERB “i”	OBJECT
You	May	use	my pen.
He	May	go	to Karachi.
They	May	play	cricket.

 = You may use my pen.

= He may go to Karachi.

= They may play cricket.

CONJUGATION:-

I may sing a sweet song.

We may sing a sweet song.

You may sing a sweet song.

He may sing a sweet song.

She may sing a sweet song.

It may sing a sweet song.

They may sing a sweet song.

ASSERTIVE

(1)            Sadia may say.

(2)            You may have tea.

INTERROGATIVE

(1)            May Sadia say?

(2)            May you have tea?

NEGATIVE

(1)            Sadia may not say.

(2)            You may not have tea.

INT &  NEG

(1)            May Sadia not say?

(2)            May you not have tea?

MODEL SENTENCES

(1)            I write too much so that I may improve may writing.

(2)            You may use my papers.

(3)            May I read this news-paper?

(4)            Akram may get admission in the university.

(5)            May you fall from the top of the mountain.

(6)            One of you may talk.

(7)            May I  come in sir?

(8)            It may rain tomorrow.

(9)            May God break you thirty two (32)!

(10)      You may drive slow.

(11)      May you success in your mission!

(12)      You may discuss me.

(13)      He may get-up.

(14)      You may speed the car.

(15)      You may stay at my home.