PRESENT CONJUNCTIVE TENSE

DEFINITION:-

                        Such verb, which modifies that after completing first an action the subject start second  an action in present time that is called present conjunctive tense.

NOTE:- (1)

                  This tense has two main verbs, first complete and second starts.

EXAMPLE:-

(1)            Having milked buffalo, Safia sweeps.

(2)            Having gargled, she eats meal.

NOTE:-  (2)

                   Having is it’s helping verbs, which is followed by all the subjects.

NOTE:- (3)

                  These types of sentences have two parts, in the beginning part (Having part) of the sentence third form of the verb is used and second part of the sentence first form is used.

FORMATION:-

H. VERB	M.VERB	OBJECT	SUBJECT	M.VERB i	OBJECT
Having	taken	tea	I	go to	collage
Having	gone	to garden	Aslam	plucks	Flowers

= Having taken tea I go to collage.

= Having gone to garden Aslam plucks flowers.

CONJUGATION

Having climbed on the tree, I cry

Having climbed on the tree, we cry.

Having climbed on the tree, you cry.

Having climbed on the tree, he cries.

Having climbed on the tree, she cries.

Having climbed on the tree, it cries.

Having climbed on the tree, they cry.

ASSERTIVE

(1)            Having played cricket, we take rest.

(2)            Having driven a car, he sings a song.

(3)            Having eaten meal, we take tea.

(4)            Having bought the book, I read it.

INTERROGATIVE

(1)            Having played cricket, do we take rest?

(2)            Having driven a car, does he sing a song?

(3)            Having eaten meal, do we take tea?

(4)            Having bought the book, do I read it?

NEGATIVE

(1)            Having played cricket, we don’t take rest?

(2)            Having driven a car, he doesn’t sing a song?

(3)            Having eaten meal, we don’t take tea?

(4)            Having bought the book, I don’t read it?

INT & NEG

(1)            Having played cricket, don’t we take rest.

(2)            Having driven a car, doesn’t he sing a song .

(3)            Having eaten meal, don’t we take tea .

(4)            Having bought the book, don’t I  read it.

EMPHATIC

(1)            Having played cricket, we do take rest.

(2)            Having driven a car, he does sing a song.

(3)            Having eaten meal, we do take tea.

(4)            Having bought the book, I do read it.

MODEL SENTENCES

(1)            Having bought a dawn news-paper, I read.

(2)            Having eaten meal, we drink cold.

(3)            Having gone out, Akram beats the children.

(4)            Having gone to school, Raheem dozes in the class.

(5)            Having saved money, I buy new car.

(6)            Having gone to the garden, do you eat fruit?

(7)            Having saved the time, I come to see you.

(8)            Having closed a shop, the shop-keeper goes to the mosque.

(9)            Having got up, first of all Safia recites the Holy Quran.

(10)      Having taken bath, I take break-fast.  

PRESENT AORIST TENSE

PRESENT AORIST TENSE

DEFINITION:-

                         Such verb, which depicts Permission, Possibility, purpose or wish of the subject in current or future time that is called present aorist tense.

NOTE:- (1)

                   This tense shows permission, possibility, wish or purpose of subject in present or future time.
EXAMPLES:-

(1)            PERMISSION:-

(i)                          He may say.

(ii)                       Akram may go.

(iii)                    You may sit here.

(2)             POSSIBILITY:-

(i)                          It may snow in Quetta.

(ii)                       She may drink juice.

(iii)                    I may come to you today.

(3)            PURPOSE:-

(i)                          I come to you so that you may become happy.

(ii)                       Anwar goes to hotel so that he may take tea.

(iii)                    We work hard so that we may brighten our future.

(4)            WISH

(i)                          May you get first position in Sindh!

(ii)                       May God bless you with three wives!

(iii)                    May you succeed in you mission!

NOTE :- (2)

“May” is it’s helping verb, which is followed by all the subject.

NOTE : (3)

                   First form of the verb is used in this tense.

FORMATION:-

SUBJECT	H . VERB	M .VERB “i”	OBJECT
You	May	use	my pen.
He	May	go	to Karachi.
They	May	play	cricket.

 = You may use my pen.

= He may go to Karachi.

= They may play cricket.

CONJUGATION:-

I may sing a sweet song.

We may sing a sweet song.

You may sing a sweet song.

He may sing a sweet song.

She may sing a sweet song.

It may sing a sweet song.

They may sing a sweet song.

ASSERTIVE

(1)            Sadia may say.

(2)            You may have tea.

INTERROGATIVE

(1)            May Sadia say?

(2)            May you have tea?

NEGATIVE

(1)            Sadia may not say.

(2)            You may not have tea.

INT &  NEG

(1)            May Sadia not say?

(2)            May you not have tea?

MODEL SENTENCES

(1)            I write too much so that I may improve may writing.

(2)            You may use my papers.

(3)            May I read this news-paper?

(4)            Akram may get admission in the university.

(5)            May you fall from the top of the mountain.

(6)            One of you may talk.

(7)            May I  come in sir?

(8)            It may rain tomorrow.

(9)            May God break you thirty two (32)!

(10)      You may drive slow.

(11)      May you success in your mission!

(12)      You may discuss me.

(13)      He may get-up.

(14)      You may speed the car.

(15)      You may stay at my home.

PRESENT POTENTIAL TENSE

PRESENT POTENTIAL TENSE

DEFINITION:-

                        Such verb, which shows the complete “power” or “strength” of the subject in doing some work in present time that is called present potential tense.

NOTE :- (1)

                   This tense shows the complete power or strength of the subject in doing some work.

EXAMPLE:-

(i)                          We can shake this tree.

(ii)                       Akram can read a dawn news-paper.

(iii)                    I can play cricket.

NOTE :- (2)

                  “Can” is it’s helping verb which is followed by all the subjects.

NOTE :- (3)

                  First form of the verb is used in this tense.

FORMATION :-

SUBJECT	H. VERB	M.VERB “i”	OBJECT
Shehnela	can	under stand	this problem
He	can	labour	under a delusion

= Shehnela can under-stand this problem.

= He can labour under a delusion.

CONJUGATION

I can feel.

We can feel.

You can feel.

He can  feel.

She can feel.

It can feel.

They can feel.

REMEMBER :-

                         “Can” is also used for permission, ability power, authority, offer and polite request.

EXAMPLES :-

(1)            ABILITY

(i)                          Anwar can speak english.

(ii)                       Safia can sing sweet songs.

(iii)                    Ashraf can solve difficult sums.

EXAMPLES :-

(2)            POWER

(i)                          I can box him down.

(ii)                       Saira can take this cot.

(iii)                    An elephant can move the truck.

EXAMPLES :-

(3)            AUTHORITY

(i)                          Your teacher can punish you.

(ii)                       The director can appoint you.

(iii)                    Your officer can dismissed you from service.

EXAMPLES :-

(4)            OFFER

(i)                          You can see me at any time.

(ii)                       This institute can provide you handsome salary.

(iii)                    You can use my motor bike, until you buy your own.

EXAMPLES :-

(5)            POLITE REQUEST

(i)                          Can, you move a bit, please?

(ii)                       Can you sacrifice me please?

(iii)                    Could, you pay attention to me, please?

ASSERTIVE

(1)            You can see me.

(2)            I can depend upon him.

(3)            He can arrange my birthday party.

INTERROGATIVE

(1)            Can you see me?

(2)            Can I depend upon him?

(3)            Can he arrange my birthday party?

NEGATIVE

(1)            You can not see me.

(2)            I can not depend upon him.

(3)            He can not arrange my birthday poarty.

INT & NEG

(1)            Can you not see me?

(2)            Can I not depend upon him?

(3)            Can he not arrange my birthday party?

MODEL SENTENCES

(1)            You can sit on the desk.

(2)            Can you buy a new bike?

(3)            At what time can you see me?

(4)            He can improve his profession.

(5)            I can’t meet to you.

(6)            Police can arrest you.

(7)            I can’t give you my new car.

(8)            What can you about me?

(9)            His friends can come tomorrow.

(10)      I can help you.