PRESENT POTENTIAL TENSE

PRESENT POTENTIAL TENSE

DEFINITION:-

                        Such verb, which shows the complete “power” or “strength” of the subject in doing some work in present time that is called present potential tense.

NOTE :- (1)

                   This tense shows the complete power or strength of the subject in doing some work.

EXAMPLE:-

(i)                          We can shake this tree.

(ii)                       Akram can read a dawn news-paper.

(iii)                    I can play cricket.

NOTE :- (2)

                  “Can” is it’s helping verb which is followed by all the subjects.

NOTE :- (3)

                  First form of the verb is used in this tense.

FORMATION :-

SUBJECT	H. VERB	M.VERB “i”	OBJECT
Shehnela	can	under stand	this problem
He	can	labour	under a delusion

= Shehnela can under-stand this problem.

= He can labour under a delusion.

CONJUGATION

I can feel.

We can feel.

You can feel.

He can  feel.

She can feel.

It can feel.

They can feel.

REMEMBER :-

                         “Can” is also used for permission, ability power, authority, offer and polite request.

EXAMPLES :-

(1)            ABILITY

(i)                          Anwar can speak english.

(ii)                       Safia can sing sweet songs.

(iii)                    Ashraf can solve difficult sums.

EXAMPLES :-

(2)            POWER

(i)                          I can box him down.

(ii)                       Saira can take this cot.

(iii)                    An elephant can move the truck.

EXAMPLES :-

(3)            AUTHORITY

(i)                          Your teacher can punish you.

(ii)                       The director can appoint you.

(iii)                    Your officer can dismissed you from service.

EXAMPLES :-

(4)            OFFER

(i)                          You can see me at any time.

(ii)                       This institute can provide you handsome salary.

(iii)                    You can use my motor bike, until you buy your own.

EXAMPLES :-

(5)            POLITE REQUEST

(i)                          Can, you move a bit, please?

(ii)                       Can you sacrifice me please?

(iii)                    Could, you pay attention to me, please?

ASSERTIVE

(1)            You can see me.

(2)            I can depend upon him.

(3)            He can arrange my birthday party.

INTERROGATIVE

(1)            Can you see me?

(2)            Can I depend upon him?

(3)            Can he arrange my birthday party?

NEGATIVE

(1)            You can not see me.

(2)            I can not depend upon him.

(3)            He can not arrange my birthday poarty.

INT & NEG

(1)            Can you not see me?

(2)            Can I not depend upon him?

(3)            Can he not arrange my birthday party?

MODEL SENTENCES

(1)            You can sit on the desk.

(2)            Can you buy a new bike?

(3)            At what time can you see me?

(4)            He can improve his profession.

(5)            I can’t meet to you.

(6)            Police can arrest you.

(7)            I can’t give you my new car.

(8)            What can you about me?

(9)            His friends can come tomorrow.

(10)      I can help you.

PRESENT DUBIOUS TENSE

PRESENT DUBIOUS TENSE

DEFINITION:-

                        Such verb, which denotes that the subject does some work in dubitative condition in present time that is called present dubious tense.

NOTE:- (1)

                  This tense shows the dubitative condition of the subject in doing some work.

                      i.               Sadia may be studying in the room.

                   ii.               Akram may be flying a kite on the roof.

NOTE:- (2)

                 “May be” and “might be” are the helping verbs to this tense.

NOTE:- (3)

                  Ing form of the verb is used in this tense.

NOTE:- (4)

                  For emphatic sentences “is used in the place of may be and might be.

FORMATION:-

SUBJECT	H. VERB	M. VERB	ING	OBJECT
Faiza	may be	do	ing	needle-work
Doctor	may be	inject	ing	the patient

= Faiza may be ding needle work.

= Doctor may be injecting the patient.

CONJUGATION

I may be / might be sleeping.

We may be sleeping.

You may be sleeping.

He may be sleeping.

She may be sleeping.

It may be sleeping.

They may be sleeping.

ASSERTIVE

(1)            He may be plucking flowers from garden.

(2)            They may be lying.

(3)            You may be smoking.

INTERROGATIVE

(1)            May he be plucking  flowers from garden?

(2)            May they be lying?

(3)            May you be smoking?

NEGATIVE

(1)            He may not be plucking flowers from garden.

(2)            They may not be lying.

(3)            You may not be smoking.

INT & NEG

(1)            May he not be plucking flowers from garden?

(2)            May they not be lying?

(3)            May you not be smoking?

EMPHATIC

(1)            He must be plucking flowers from garden.

(2)            They must be lying.

(3)            You must be smoking.

MODEL SENTENCES

(1)            You may be dreaming it dear.

(2)            The carpenter may be making a table.

(3)            He may be studying at home.

(4)            Safdar must be copying.

(5)            May they not be stealing?

(6)            Kalssom may be liking an orange colour.

(7)            The dog may be barking at the thives.

(8)            You must be shaking my chair.

(9)            The teacher may not be taking class.

(10)      Iqra may be kneading flour.

(11)      He may be stealing my pen.

(12)      She may be cooking meal.

(13)      They may be watching tv.

(14)      Aslam may be climbing on the tree.

(15)      We may be cleaning our hands.

(16)      Najma may be sweeping in the room.

(17)      You may me inviting us.

(18)      Boys may be shouting in the class.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

DEFINITION:-

                        Such verb, which modifies that the action of the subject took place in gone time and it is still continue that is called present perfect continuous tense.

NOTE:- (1)

                  This tense shows the continuous action of the subject from past to present.

EXAMPLE:-

(1)            I have been waiting for you.

(2)            The teacher has been teaching.

NOTE:- (2)

                  “Have been” and “Has been” are the helping verbs to this tense.

NOTE:- (3)

                  “Ing” form of the verb is used in this tense.

FORMATION:-

SUBJECT	H. VERB	M. VERB	ING	OBJECT
Akram	has been	drive	ing	a car

CONJUGATION:-

 I have been writing

We have been writing.

You have been writing.

He has been writing.

She has been writing.

It has been writing.

They have been writing.

ASSERTIVE

(1)            Singer has been singing.

(2)            A baby has been laughing.

(3)            Ashraf has been playing.

INTERROGATIVE

(1)            Has singer been singing?

(2)            Has a baby been laughing?

(3)            Has Ashraf been playing?

NEGATIVE

(1)            Singer has not been singing.

(2)            A baby has not been laughing.

(3)            Ashraf has not been playing.

INT & NEG

(1)            Has singer not been singing?

(2)            Has a baby not been laughing?

(3)            Has Ashraf not been playing?

MODEL SENTENCES

(1)            They have been plucking flowers from garden.

(2)            She has been remaining absent from school.

(3)            Has Kiran been milking buffalo?

(4)            Have you been decorating a room at the arrival of friends?

(5)            Have women been buying ornaments from bazar?