PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

DEFINITION:-

                        Such verb, which modifies that the action of the subject took place in gone time and it is still continue that is called present perfect continuous tense.

NOTE:- (1)

                  This tense shows the continuous action of the subject from past to present.

EXAMPLE:-

(1)            I have been waiting for you.

(2)            The teacher has been teaching.

NOTE:- (2)

                  “Have been” and “Has been” are the helping verbs to this tense.

NOTE:- (3)

                  “Ing” form of the verb is used in this tense.

FORMATION:-

SUBJECT	H. VERB	M. VERB	ING	OBJECT
Akram	has been	drive	ing	a car

CONJUGATION:-

 I have been writing

We have been writing.

You have been writing.

He has been writing.

She has been writing.

It has been writing.

They have been writing.

ASSERTIVE

(1)            Singer has been singing.

(2)            A baby has been laughing.

(3)            Ashraf has been playing.

INTERROGATIVE

(1)            Has singer been singing?

(2)            Has a baby been laughing?

(3)            Has Ashraf been playing?

NEGATIVE

(1)            Singer has not been singing.

(2)            A baby has not been laughing.

(3)            Ashraf has not been playing.

INT & NEG

(1)            Has singer not been singing?

(2)            Has a baby not been laughing?

(3)            Has Ashraf not been playing?

MODEL SENTENCES

(1)            They have been plucking flowers from garden.

(2)            She has been remaining absent from school.

(3)            Has Kiran been milking buffalo?

(4)            Have you been decorating a room at the arrival of friends?

(5)            Have women been buying ornaments from bazar?

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

DEFINITION:-

                      Such verb, which shows that the subject started some work in past time and has recently finished in current time that is called perfect tense.

NOTE:- (1)

                   This tense shows that the subject started some work in past time and finished immediately in present time.

EXAMPLE:-

    (1)                         Rabia has fried fish.

    (2)                         We have taken tea.

 NOTE:- (2)

                  “Have” and “Has” are the helping verbs to this tense.

 NOTE:- (3)

                  Third form of the verb is used in this tense.

 FORMATION:-

SUBJECT	H.VERB	M.VERB 3rd FORM	OBJECT
I	have	visited	zoo

 = I have visited zoo.

 CONJUGATION:-  

  I have written.

  We have written.

  You have written.

  He has written.

  She has written.

  It has written.

  They have written.

 ASSERTIVE

 (1)            I  have driven a car.

 (2)            We have fried at him.

 (3)            You have dreamed of it dear.

 INTERROGATIVE

 (1)            Have I driven a car?

 (2)            Have we fired  at him?

 (3)            Have you dreamed of it dear?

 NEGATIVE

 (1)            I have not driven a car.

 (2)            We have not fired at him.

 (3)            You have not dreamed of it dear.

 INT & NEG

 (1)            Have I not driven a car?

 (2)            Have we not fired at him?

 (3)            Have you not dreamed of it dear?

 MODEL SENTENCES

 (1)            I have bought a new car.

 (2)            We have completed our book in this month.

 (3)            Sadia has lost her pen.

 (4)            Have you tried your luck?

 (5)            Has Fozia not made tea?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

OR

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE

DEFINITION:-

                      Such verb, which shows that the subject is doing some work continuously in present time that is called present continuous tense or present progressive tense.

NOTE:- (1)  

                 This tense denotes the continuous action of the subject.

EXAMPLE:-

(1)          Farmer is cutting wheat.

(2)          I am going to home.

NOTE:- (2)

                  Is, am and are, are the helping verbs to this tense.

NOTE:- (3)

                  “ING” form of the verb is used this tense.

NOTE:- (4)

                  If a verb ends in single “E” letter for putting “ing” the “E” letter will be omitted.

EXAMPLE:-

                  Write =writing

                   Kite = kiting

NOTE:- (5)

                   If a verb ends in double “EE” letters, for putting “ing” the  last “E” letter will not be dropped.

EXAMPLE:-

                       See = Seeing

NOTE:- (6)

                  If a verb ends in consonant letter and there are two vowel (a,e,i,o,u) letters before it, for putting “ing” the last consonant letter will not be doubled.

EXAMPLE:-

                   Read = Reading

                    Eat   =   Eating

FORMATION:-

SUBJECT /  H. VERB / M.VERB / ING   /   OBJECT

Aslam           is              recite         ing       the Holy Quran

= Aslam is reciting the Holy Quran.

CONJUGATION:-

I am reading,

We are reading.

You are reading.

He is reading.

She is reading.

It is reading.

They are reading.

ASSERTIVE

  (1)                         He is wearing a dress.

  (2)                         I am going to school.

  (3)                         We are drinking water.

INTERROGATIVE

  (1)                         Is he wearing a dress?

  (2)                         Am I going to school?

  (3)                         Are we drinking water?

NEGATIVE

  (1)                         He is not wearing a dress.

  (2)                         I am not going to school.

  (3)                         We are not drinking water.

INT   &   NEG

  (1)                         Is he not wearing a dress?

  (2)                         Am I not going to school?

  (3)                         Are we not drinking water?

MODEL SENTENCES

(1)            Anwar is kitting on the roof.

(2)            The Prime Minster is assuring the nation.

(3)            Are you going to the cinema?

(4)            We are not reading the novel.

(5)            She is cooking the meal.

PRESENT TENSE

PRESENT TENSE

        OR

PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

DEFINITION:-

                            Such verb, which modifies that the subject dose  some work in current time that is called present tense or simple tense.

NOTE:- (1)

                   This tense shows the action of the subject in present time.

EXAMPLE:-

(1)            Aslam drives a car.

(2)            I go to home.

 NOTE:- (2)

                   “Do” and “Does” are the helping verbs to this tense.

Note:- (3)

                 “Do” and “Does” (helping verbs) are used, when we change an assertive sentence  in to interrogative, negative, int & neg or emphatic.

NOTE:- (4)

                   “Do” is used with first and second person or third person plural nouns and “Does” is used with third person and singular nouns.

I,We > First person.

You,You > Second person.

He,She,It,They > Third person.

NOTE:- (5)

                  First form of the verb used in this tense.

NOTE:- If the subject of the sentence is third person or singular noun then, it’s verb will agree with “s” in end.

EXAMPLE:-

(1)            Akram writes a lesson.

(2)            Aslam draws a picture with a pencil.

EXAMPLE:-

 O = (Do) Rabia does her home work.

 CH = (Touch) He touches me.

 SH = (Fish) The fisher man fishes.

 S = (Miss) Aslam misses the train.

 X = (Fix) He fixes Anita’s name in his mind.

NOTE:- (8)

                 When the subject in third person or singular noun and it’s verb ends in “Y” letter and three is’nt any vowel letter before it, therefore, “Y” is dropped and “ies” fills its blank.

EXAMPLE:-

                    Fry =Fries

                       Dry = Dries

NOTE:- (9)

                  If the subject is third person or singular noun and it’s verb ends in “Y” letter and there is a vowel letter before it, therefore “s” is used.

EXAMPLE:-

                       Stay   =   Stays

                       Buy   =    Buys

FORMATION:-

SUBJECT      VERB 1      OBJECT

 Rafia              kneads        flour       = Rafia kneeds flour.

CONJUGATION

    I come.

    We come.

    You come.

    He comes.

    She comes.

    It come.

    They come.

ASSERTIVE

(1)            You make a noise.

(2)             Safia washes dishes.

(3)            They take tea.

INTERROGATIVE

(1)            Do you make a noise?

(2)            Does Safia wash dishes?

(3)            Do they take tea?

NEGATIVE

(1)            You don’t make a noise.

(2)            Safia doesn’t wash dishes.

(3)            They don’t take tea.

INT & NEG

(1)            Do you not make a noise?

(2)            Does Safia not wash dishes?

(3)            Do they not take tea?

EMPHATIC

(1)            You do make a noise.

(2)            Safia does wash dishes.

(3)            They do take tea.